In
grammar, a noun phrase
(abbreviated NP) is a phrase whose head
is a noun or a pronoun, optionally
accompanied by a set of modifiers.
Noun
phrases normally consist of a head noun, which is optionally modified
("premodified" If the modifier is placed before the noun;
"postmodified" if the modifier is placed after the noun). Possible
modifiers include:
- determiners: articles (the, a), demonstratives (this, that), numerals (two, five, etc.), possessives (my, their, etc.), and quantifiers (some, many, etc.). In English, determiners are usually placed before the noun;
- adjectives (the red ball); or
- complements, in the form of a prepositional phrase (such as: the student of physics), or a That-clause (the claim that the earth is round);
- modifiers; pre-modifiers if placed before the noun and usually either as nouns (the university student) or adjectives (the beautiful lady), or post-modifiers if placed after the noun. A postmodifier may be either a prepositional phrase (the man with long hair) or a relative clause (the house where I live). The difference between modifiers and complements is that complements complete the meaning of the noun; complements are necessary, whereas modifiers are optional because they just give additional information about the noun.
Noun
phrases can make use of an apposition structure. This
means that the elements in the noun phrase are not in a head-modifier
relationship, but in a relation of equality. An example of this is I,
Caesar, declare ..., where "Caesar" and "I"
do not modify each other.
The
head of a noun phrase can be implied, as in "The Bold and the Beautiful" or Robin Hood's "rob from the
rich and give to the poor"; an implied noun phrase is most
commonly used as a generic plural referring to human beings.Another example of
noun phrase with implied head is I choose the cheaper of the two.
That
noun phrases can be headed by elements other than nouns—for instance, pronouns
(They came) or determiners (I'll take these)—has
given rise to the postulation of a determiner
phrase instead of a noun phrase. The English language is not as
permissive as some other languages, with regard to possible heads of noun
phrases. German, for instance, allows adjectives as heads of noun phrases, as
in Gibmir die Alten for Give me the olds (i.e. old ones).
source
:wikipedia
how
about my opinion? what its noun phrase? logically, noun phrases have many
variety of words. take your head stay cool, and let i give you an suggestion.
hehe :)
"THIS topics IS EASY, not
difficult to learn but it will be complicated if you do not take your soda and
some friedfries (then you can offer me and we stay enjoy working and searching
together)."
I THINK.....
noun phrases is
A
word group that includes a noun and its modifiers. The noun can be
preceded by determiners (such as the, a,
her) and followed by complements. Often abbreviated
as NP.
Examples and Observations:
- "The
only white people who came to our house were welfare workers
and bill collectors."
(James Baldwin, Notes of a Native Son, 1955)
- "McSorley's
bar is short, accommodating approximately ten elbows, and is
shored up with iron pipes."
(Joseph Mitchell, "The Old House at Home," 1940)
- "The
wells and water table had been polluted by chemical pesticides and
fertilizers that leached into the earth and were washed by rain
into the creeks, where the stunned fish were scavenged by the
ospreys."
(Peter Matthiessen, Men's Lives, 1986)
- A Georgia woman was jailed briefly after a run-in with courthouse security over her refusal to remove a religious head scarf.
- "The
men in the class--there were a few older students, veterans--listened
with good-natured interest, and the girls gazed at the
instructor with rosy-faced, shy affection."
(Bernard Malamud, A New Life, 1961)
- "Some
of the owners of Harlem clubs, delighted at the flood of white
patronage, made the grievous error of barring their own race,
after the manner of the famous Cotton Club."
(Langston Hughes, The Big Sea, 1940)
Noun is the word to point / signed at the thing. For example, the marble, the ball, my brother, lone lines, etc. and phrases is a group of words. So, noun phrase is a group of word that to point / signed at the thing.
Noun phrases consist of a pronoun or
noun with any associated modifiers. Noun phrases can act as a subject, object,
complement, subject complement, object complement, object of preposition, and
object of verb.
The function of noun phrases:
- Subject
Ex : The children play
on the forest.
- Object
Ex : My mother buys a basket
of vegetables.
- Complement
Ex : Calgary is a rainy
location.
How can we develop nouns into noun
phrases???
- By adding a determiner: a, an, the, some, your, his, many, more, five, etc.
e.g: # an envelope
# five coconuts
- By adding adjectives: good, bad, long, short, beautiful, etc.
e.g.: # a good university
# beautiful palaces
# long bamboos
- By adding a present participle: opening, walking, running, sleeping, etc.
e.g.: # an opening ceremony
# a running brook
# the tree standing in the garden
# The girl sitting between John and
me.
- By adding a past participle: written,spoken,crooked,made,etc.
e.g.: # a written text
# a spoken test
# the letter typed by the secretary
# the door opened by the maid
- By adding a noun: bus, TV, arm, potato, etc.
e.g.: # a bus station
# a TV screen
# an arm chair
- By adding a preposition: in, on, at, of, in front of, etc.
e.g.: # the house at the foot of the
hill
# the color of the ocean
# the bank opposite the cinema
- By adding an infinitive: to read, to cover, to send, etc.
e.g.: # a few books to read
# a stamp to send a letter
# a blanket to cover your body
- By adding a WH clause:who,which,whose,etc.
e.g.: # the man whose daughter
married to the King
# the lady who had a big house on
the hill
# the river which ran across the
land
Structures of noun phrases:
- A beautiful old painting on the wall
The structure of this noun phrase
contains three sections:
Pre-modifier
|
Head noun
|
Post-modifier
|
A beautiful old
|
painting
|
on the wall
|
A beautiful old
|
painting
|
-
|
-
|
painting
|
on the wall
|
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